Ans: Latent effect is one which exists since long time but it is discovered now. A defect which has been there for long time and should have been detected earlier is called as Latent defect.
Masked defect is which hides the other defect.

Ans: The big bang model of software development is based on big bang theory. A huge amount of people, money and time are put together, lot of energy is expanded and software product is produced.
Big bang model is simple. There is little or no planning, scheduling or any other formal development process. All the effort spent in development of software and writing the code delivers the solution one in and one go.

Ans: PDCA is the four step problem solving process. The explanations are stated below.
Plan: (Device your plan): Recognize an opportunity and plan a change
Do: (execute the plan): Implement the change and test the change
Check: (Checking the results). Review the test, analyze the result and identify the learned
Act: (Take the necessary action). Actions should be taken based upon results.

Ans: Pilot testing engages having a group of end users who try the system prior to its full deployment in order to five feedbacks on its performance.
Beta testing is the testing of product in environment of user.
By the above definitions it can be understood that pilot takes place before deployment of system where as Beta testing comes in the last of development cycle. Beta testing can be done by all the users where as pilot testing is done by selected number of users.

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Solving problems is a high visibility process and prevention of problems is low visibility process so it is quite hard for management to get serious about quality assurance.

Ans:  
Should be perfectionist
Should be tactful and diplomatic
Should be innovative and creative
Should be relentless
Should possess negative thinking with good judgment skills
Should possess the attitude to break the system

Ans: The testing that can be considered is Black box testing White box testing Unit testing Incremental integration testing Integration testing Functional testing System testing End-to end testing Sanity testing Regression test...  

Why does software have bugs?

Ans: There are many reasons for bugs in software: Most of them are man introduced and some are machine oriented.

For examples:
Miscommunication or no communication
Software complexity
Programming errors
Changing requirements

Ans: Mutation testing is a powerful fault-based testing technique for unit level testing. Since it is a fault-based testing technique, it is aimed at testing and uncovering some specific kinds of faults, namely simple syntactic changes to a program. Mutation testing is based on two assumptions: the competent programmer hypothesis and the coupling effect. The competent programmer hypothesis assumes that competent programmers turn to write nearly "correct" programs. The coupling effect stated that a set of test data that can uncover all simple faults in a program is also capable of detecting more complex faults. Mutation testing injects faults into code to determine optimal test inputs.

Ans: These are test design document which are used to execute the actual testing Without which execution of testing is impossible, finally this execution is going to find the bugs to be fixed so we have prepare this documents.